Questions to Customer Care and Services

First of all, there is the question about the costs: The procedure for recording the details of transfer of ownership at the DPMA is free of charge.

Please send requests separately for each IP right, indicating the file number(s), in writing by post, fax or – if you are in possession of a qualified signature card – submit them electronically via DPMAdirektPro; you may, but need not, use the respective request form:

• Patent P 3190
• Utility Model G 6333
• Trade Mark W 7616
• Design R 5742
• Umschreibungsrichtlinien (guidelines for recording the details of a transfer of ownership) A 9139

Legal bases and important sources of information are, among others, the respective IP laws and ordinances, the guidelines for recording the details of a transfer of ownership, as well as section 28 of the DPMA Ordinance DPMAV.

Note: If the request is filed solely by the legal successor or his/her representative, the registered owner or his/her representative will always be contacted prior to recording of the details of the transfer in the register, requesting his/her consent (= right to be heard, compare section 28 (4) of the DPMA Ordinance DPMAV). Requesting consent will delay the procedure of recording the details of a transfer of ownership in the register. For this reason, we recommend that a request for the recording of the details of a transfer of ownership in the register be accompanied by the required, legally effective signatures of both parties, i.e. the predecessor as well as the legal successor or their representatives, or that an extra declaration of consent be attached to the request. Forms for a declaration of consent are also available on our website (P 3201, W 7024, R 5744).

Special case – EP patents: Automatic data transmission between the European Patent Office (EPO) and the DPMA only takes place if the amendment was made at the EPO before the grant of the European patent (EP). Otherwise, the recording of the details of a transfer of ownership must be additionally requested at the DPMA by submitting the EPO's communication concerning a change of registration (EPO Form 2544). If the opposition period at the EPO has already expired, necessary documents concerning the change of ownership (contracts, etc.) may have to be enclosed.

Regarding the question: "How to file the requests in a legally effective way?" Submissions to the IP case files that are received by e-mail are not legally effective. Customer Care and Services do not forward such e-mails to the specified case files. Therefore, please do not send your requests for transfer of rights/to record details of a transfer of ownership in the register by e-mail or attached to an e-mail, but rather send them in writing by post, fax or – if you are in possession of a qualified signature card – electronically via DPMAdirektPro indicating the file number.

If the relevant file numbers are indicated and the required documents enclosed, the details of the transfer of ownership can usually be recorded in the register within a few days.

Customers keep asking whether their fax has actually arrived at the DPMA because they have received a cancellation or error message.

Please note that the DPMA receives up to 10,000 faxed pages per day. Assigning the numerous fax pages to individual business processes (new IP applications or follow-ups to existing files, intended use of SEPA direct debit mandates, other letters) takes some time. Therefore, neither the Customer Care and Services nor the Document Receiving Service staff can confirm receipt of the fax shortly after it having been sent.

It is important that you clearly indicate on the fax how many pages it contains in total. In the case of follow-ups to individual IP acts, also especially in the case of changes of address, you should always state the respective file number(s).

If your fax does not pass (abort or error message), this could be because your telephone provider has switched its own technology to "Voice over IP" (VoIP). In this case, you will have to configure your fax machine differently. The recommendations of the Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway) are as follows:

• Use a "Group 3" fax
• Limit the transmission speed to 9,600 bps.
  • Attention, the transmission will take correspondingly longer! If necessary, start the fax transmission at a time outside of the usual peak times.
• Turn on the fax error correction mode (ECM).
• Use the shortest possible cable between the fax machine and the telephone system or avoid proximity to sources of interference (e.g. power cables).

Make sure that the fax transmission is carried out with the G.711 voice codec.

• compressing or HD codecs (G.729, Opus, G.722) lead to errors in the transmission due to distortion of the signal.
• T.38 is not yet supported by the DPMA's PBX. Please make sure that your T.38 fallback works or deactivate T.38 as a test if necessary.
• If many or all transmissions continue to abort, please test the following additional changes:
  • Turn off the Error Correction Mode (ECM) of your fax machine.
  • Change the setting of the port of your telephone system to which the fax machine is connected from "Fax" to "Telephone".
• In addition, switching off settings of your telephone system (voice activity detection – VAD, echo suppression) can also increase the probability of a successful fax transmission.

If you have set up your fax machine in this way, your fax should reach the DPMA. Please understand that the DPMA cannot support you in configuring your telephone system, fax machine or alternative fax solutions. The existing problems are caused by the technology of the telephone networks/transmission networks. Therefore, the DPMA cannot guarantee a successful transmission. It might also be advisable to contact your telephone network provider.

Alternatively, letters can be sent to the DPMA by post (German Patent and Trade Mark Office, 80297 Munich) or electronically (with DPMAdirektPro or DPMAdirektWeb). You may also hand in your letters personally at the DPMA in Munich, Jena or Berlin or drop them in the night mailbox (see Contact). New applications can currently also be filed at nine patent information centres (Stuttgart, Hamburg, Aachen, Dortmund, Kaiserslautern, Saarbrücken, Chemnitz, Dresden, Ilmenau).

Please note: Do not send us applications, requests and other submissions to the files by e-mail. Since this means of transmission is not permitted for legal proceedings, these e-mails are not forwarded for processing.

No, it does not. According to the Ordinance on the Issuing of the Certificate under Article 3 of the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents (in German), the DPMA issues apostilles only for documents emanating from its own area of responsibility. For example, priority documents of IP applications, German first publications of patent applications (Offenlegungsschriften), patent specifications or register extracts from DPMAregister are authenticated upon an extra written request.

For all other federal documents, i.e. those from a federal court or from the other federal authorities, the Federal Office of Administration issues authentications.

Civil status documents or documents of the Länder and regional courts fall, depending on the case, within the remit of the respective local authorities and authorities of the Länder or regional courts.
Abroad, the authenticity of German documents is often only recognised if they have been legalised by the competent representative entity (consulate, embassy) of the concerned foreign state in the Federal Republic of Germany or if they are provided with an apostille in accordance with the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961.

The Federal Foreign Office also offers information on the keyword “International Recognition / Legalization of Documents”.

Our Customer Care and Services frequently receives calls about misleading requests for payment in connection with patents, utility models, trade marks and designs. This often involves invoices sent by companies or individuals with official-sounding names.
Owners of IP rights are offered to have their patent, utility model, trade mark or design registered in non-official registers or publications. Furthermore, these letters are accompanied by requests for payment of large amounts, often with very short payment deadlines.
Please read these offers carefully. They do not relate to registration fees or renewal fees of the DPMA. Official fees arising in connection with an IP right in procedures before the German Patent and Trade Mark Office must be paid exclusively to the account of the DPMA. Further information and a list of companies known to the DPMA are available here.

Pursuant to Section 5(2) of the German Act on Copyright and Related Rights (Urheberrechtsgesetz, UrhgG), patent documents (first publications of applications, patent specifications and utility model specifications) are excluded from copyright protection from the time of their official publication. Please note that you must cite the source correctly when you publish the paper. The obligation to cite the source comprises the name of the authority and the reference. Examples of a correct citation of a patent document:

• DE 27 03 353 A1 or
• DE 10 2005 051 128 B4.

For further examples on how to cite, please see our publication DPMAinformativ no. 3 (IPIA) (in German). You are not allowed to alter the text, the title, the drawings and the name of the patent applicant (see Sec. 62(1), first and second sentences, in conjunction with Sec. 39 Copyright Act: prohibition of alteration, and Sec. 63(1) and (2) Copyright Act: acknowledgement of source).

We are often faced with the question of whether it is possible to protect a food recipe or formulation. As a rule, you cannot apply for a patent or utility model for formulations consisting of standard basic ingredients or mixtures of known basic ingredients.

A patent is granted for a technical invention only if it involves an inventive step and is new and industrially applicable. This also applies to filing applications for recipes.

An application for a patent or utility model in the field of food and recipes is therefore only possible if:

• the preparation of a dish or a drink goes beyond the normal cooking practices. This is the case, for example, if you use unusual process steps. In addition, you must achieve a special effect that cannot be readily expected (for example, a particularly extended shelf life).
• unusual basic ingredients or unusual mixtures of basic ingredients (including spices) are used to achieve an unforeseen effect.

In addition, the composition or the preparation method must be described in such a way that a chef or hobby chef can easily prepare the dish. And this description must be made available to the public by the DPMA. Of course, these patents and utility models also have a limited life. This means that, afterwards, the recipe can be used by anyone. Many food and beverage producers therefore keep their formulations secret and only protect the name or logo under which they offer the product (for example Coca-Cola, Red Bull, Maggi, Underberg) by a trade mark.

The question of whether an app is patentable cannot be answered with a clear "yes" or "no". Here too, the same applies as to protecting computer-implemented inventions: It depends ...

In general, the German Patent Act (Patentgesetz) excludes schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business from patent protection. This also applies to programs for computers as such. Thus the idea and the concept for an app are not eligible for protection. However, if the app software has a technical character, patent protection for a computer-implemented invention may be a possibility. However, the app should be capable of showing an outwardly perceptible success, for example through the control of a robot. This is unlikely to be the case for most apps.

By using the International Patent Classification in our DEPATISnet database, particularly the IPC symbol G06Q and its related subgroups a.o. (data processing systems or methods, specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial or managerial purposes ...) you can perform a search for examples of apps having a technical aspect for which a patent or utility model has been applied for as a computer-implemented invention.

You can have the name of the app registered as a trade mark but also the icon identifying the app that is used to open the app on the smartphone screen or the slogan that you use to advertise your app (of course only if the trade mark is eligible for protection).

Some app developers have had the layout of the screen interfaces registered as a design in class of goods 14-04 with the product indication a.o. "Screen displays", "Graphical user interfaces" [computer screen layout] or/and "Icons" [for computer].

You can obtain only very limited protection for board games and entertainment games at the German Patent and Trade Mark Office. If the game only consists of new rules or a new division of the game board, it is not patentable. Because an idea for a game does not constitute a technical innovation. Ideas are not eligible for protection under patent law. This applies to business and organisational ideas and plans (sales systems, advertising ideas, etc.) as well as to scientific theories, mathematical methods, game systems and rules for performing mental acts.

If the entertainment game includes play equipment or the game includes a new technical invention, it is possible to apply for a patent and/or utility model. In our DEPATISnet database you will find card games, board games, roulette games; indoor games using small moving playing bodies; video games; games in class A63F.

If you want to mark the game with a special name (e.g. "Memory" or "Catan"), filing an application for a trade mark is an option. However, trade mark protection only covers the name of the game, not the design of the game equipment nor the version of the rules of the game.

You can apply for a design for the outer shape of the playing tokens, the surface of the game board or the pictures of playing cards. In DPMAregister you can find registered designs with these product designations: board games, card games, playing cards, game boards, learning games, tokens for games. Subclass 21-01 can be used to search for the class of goods (Locarno).

The game may also be protected by copyright. Copyright arises with the creation of the work; an application is neither required nor possible. The German Patent and Trade Mark Office is not responsible for these copyright issues. Please consult a lawyer for legal advice on this matter.

The German Games Archive Nuremberg and the Deutsches Spielemuseum e.V. (German Games Museum) in Chemnitz provide information about games. There you will also find further links to associations of game creators and game archives.

The abbreviation "D.R.G.M." or "DRGM" means utility model of the German Reich (Deutsches Reichsgebrauchsmuster) and refers to utility models applied for between 1891 and 1945. Utility model documents (description, claims, any drawings) up to registration number 1 286 499 are not available and therefore not searchable via DEPATISnet. They were destroyed as required by the statutory provisions applicable at that time. Only since 1936, after a legal reform, has the examination of patents for novelty referred to utility models as state of the art.

As a result of the war, the documents for registration numbers from 1 534 500 to 1 539 210 (last entry in the register on 16 January 1945) are not available either.

As regards registration numbers from 1 to 1 286 499 and from 1 534 500 to 1 539 210, the customer service of the DPMA – IDZ Berlin can provide excerpts from the utility model register of the former Reichspatentamt (Patent Office of the German Reich), maintained by the German Patent and Trade Mark Office, for a fee of 10.00 euros plus expenses (per excerpt). An excerpt from this register contains the following information:

• Serial number - class - description - name and address of the applicant - date of application - date of registration - file number - note of cancellation - comments.

Alternatively, the excerpt can also be sent electronically as a JPEG file (2 pages). This type of excerpt reproduces the original entry – partially handwritten in Sütterlin script.

A list of tools to search for historical IP rights can be found at here.